IPS在加拿大拉布拉多地區沿海水域季節性冰厚度監測中的應用
Abstract
The Ice Profiling Sonar (IPS) is an example of an Upward-Looking Sonar (ULS) that provides continuous (1-2 Hz), high-resolution (1 cm vertical, ~1 m horizontal) measurement of ice draft. The IPS is typically installed on a subsurface mooring anchored to the seabed and has been used in data-logged and real-time configurations since the early 1990s. Used repeatedly over many years, the IPS has helped develop long time-series (25+ years) of Arctic ice conditions in a changing climate.
ASL has recently completed a second field test of a prototype IPS with a logarithmic detector module, the IPS5L. The IPS5L was deployed in seasonally ice-covered waters near Nain, Labrador in collaboration with the Nunatsiavut Government via a through-ice deployment from February - October 2020. The site was positioned downstream of an area which becomes icefree through the winter due to currents and winds, locally known as a “rattle”. The measurements were made in 87 m water depth and are anticipated to provide insights into the biological activity that is fostered by the rattle, and the ice conditions around the rattle. The higher dynamic range of the IPS5L is expected to lead to the measurement of the full echo amplitude response of various acoustic targets including level ice, deformed ice, calm and rough open water, and sediment and zooplankton clouds in the water column. These features will also allow the IPS5L to characterize ice in a harbour and narrow waterway where safety
of snowmobiles is important.
摘要：
冰剖面聲納（IPS）是向上聲納（ULS）的一個例子，它提供連續（1-2Hz）、高分辨率（垂直1cm，水平約1m）的冰吃水測量。IPS通常安裝在錨定在海底的地下系泊裝置上，自20世紀90年代初以來，它已被用于數據記錄和實時配置。多年來反復使用，IPS幫助在不斷變化的氣候中開發了北極冰情的長時間序列（25年以上）。
ASL最近完成了帶有對數探測器模塊IPS5L的原型IPS的第二次現場測試。2020年2月至10月，IPS5L與Nunatsiavut政府合作，通過透冰部署部署在拉布拉多奈因附近的季節性冰蓋水域。該地點位于一個因洋流和風而在冬季無冰的地區的下游，當地稱之為“嘎嘎聲”。這些測量是在87米深的水中進行的，預計將提供對撥浪鼓所促進的生物活動以及撥浪鼓周圍冰況的見解。IPS5L的較高動態范圍有望測量各種聲目標的全回波振幅響應，包括水平冰、變形冰、平靜和粗糙的開闊水域以及水柱中的沉積物和浮游動物云。這些特征還將使IPS5L能夠表征港口和狹窄水道中的冰，在這些地方，雪地摩托的安全非常重要。
關鍵詞：冰剖面聲納（IPS），冰厚度監測，回聲測冰，聲學后向散射，回聲探測儀 ASL
