Songscape聲學(xué)軟件在鳥類聲景與認(rèn)知景觀中的應(yīng)用
Abstract
The soundscape is proposed as a phe nomenological entity with which to investigate environmental complexity. In particular, the avian soundtope, which is defined as a place in which sound is intentionally structured by different bird species, is regarded as an agency acting to achieve several goals. In fact, the soundtope could be viewed as a special case of an eco-field used by birds, not only to establish territorial ownership and patrol an area but also as a means of locating and evaluating the availability of many other material and immaterial resources. The meaning of the multifaceted acoustic pattern produced by bird communities during the breeding season is discussed here under the acoustic niche hypothesis in terms of community coalescence and the permanent establishment of an inter-specific communication network. Furthermore, the spatial and temporal dimensions of a bird soundscape have also been analyzed and discussed in terms of their relationship with environmental proxies. A new Acoustic Complexity Index (ACI), coupled with the implementation (ACI plug-in) of a specific sound editor (WaveSurfer ), is proposed as a way of processing sound data efficiently, thus providing new opportunities to use the bird soundscape signature for landscape characterization and describing the eco logical dynamics of long-term monitoring schemes.
摘要：
聲景被提議為一種現(xiàn)象學(xué)實(shí)體，用以探究環(huán)境復(fù)雜性。具體而言，鳥類聲景（即不同鳥類有意構(gòu)建聲音的空間）被視為一種能實(shí)現(xiàn)多重目標(biāo)的媒介。事實(shí)上，聲景可視作鳥類利用的生態(tài)場特殊形態(tài)，不僅用于確立領(lǐng)地所有權(quán)和巡邏區(qū)域，更是一種定位并評(píng)估其他物質(zhì)與非物質(zhì)資源可用性的手段。本文根據(jù)聲學(xué)生態(tài)位假說，從群落融合和種間通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的永久建立的角度討論了鳥類群落在繁殖季節(jié)產(chǎn)生的多方面聲學(xué)模式的意義。此外，還分析和討論了鳥類聲景的空間和時(shí)間維度與環(huán)境代表的關(guān)系。提出了一種新的聲學(xué)復(fù)雜性指數(shù)（ACI），結(jié)合特定聲音編輯器（WaveSurfer）的實(shí)現(xiàn)（ACI插件），作為有效處理聲音數(shù)據(jù)的一種方式，從而為使用鳥類聲景特征進(jìn)行景觀表征和描述長期監(jiān)測方案的生態(tài)動(dòng)態(tài)提供了新的機(jī)會(huì)。
關(guān)鍵詞：Songscape聲學(xué)分析軟件，Wildlife Acoustics，野生動(dòng)物聲學(xué)監(jiān)測，聲學(xué)記錄器，被動(dòng)式聲學(xué)記錄器
