SM2BAT+：聲學(xué)指標(biāo)、人類噪聲、生物聲學(xué)、生物鳴聲、蟬鳴、聚類分析、數(shù)據(jù)降維、蝙蝠活動(dòng)比較：人工管理的中部硬木林中的活動(dòng)差異
Abstract
Bats exploit forest resources based on species-specific adaptations, resulting in differences in activity across forested landscapes. Forest management practices alter forests, impacting species differently and presumably affecting bat activity. Application of forest management that promotes species-specific bat conservation requires further understanding of bat response to silvicultural practices. We surveyed timber harvest treatments on two Indiana State Forests to compare bat activity across forest management treatments, in forests adjacent to harvests, and at locations across the harvest-forest gradient from May to July in 2013 and 2014. We used Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BATt detectors and Kaleidoscope Pro analysis software to survey bats in relation to four treatment types: clear cut, patch cut, shelterwood preparatory cut, and intact forest. Detectors were deployed at two points within each treatment and three points on the forested periphery of treatments and recorded for three consecutive nights. We examined bat activity using N-mixture models that estimate abundance and probability of detection for an open population and used Akaike’s Information Criterion to select the best models. Based on identification of acoustic calls, eastern red bats and hoary bats were more active in harvest treatments than control treatments. Big brown, eastern red, and tri-colored bats were most active at harvest edges. Northern long-eared and Indiana/little brown bats were most active at harvest edges and in adjacent forest and hoary bats were most active at harvest centers. Differences in bat activity across these managed forests suggest bat assemblages benefit from management that employs an array of silvicultural methods, provides edge habitat, and maintains adjacent forest stands. Our results can be used to predict effects of forest management practices on species-specific bat activity to maximize bat usage of forests.
摘要：
蝙蝠基于特定物種的適應(yīng)性來開發(fā)森林資源，導(dǎo)致森林景觀中的活動(dòng)存在差異。森林管理實(shí)踐改變了森林，對(duì)物種的影響不同，可能還會(huì)影響蝙蝠的活動(dòng)。應(yīng)用促進(jìn)特定物種蝙蝠保護(hù)的森林管理需要進(jìn)一步了解蝙蝠對(duì)造林實(shí)踐的反應(yīng)。2013年和2014年5月至7月，我們調(diào)查了印第安納州兩個(gè)森林的木材采伐處理，以比較不同森林管理處理、采伐附近森林和采伐森林梯度上的蝙蝠活動(dòng)。我們使用Wildlife Acoustics Song Meter SM2BAT-探測(cè)器和Kaleidoscope Pro分析軟件對(duì)蝙蝠進(jìn)行了四種處理類型的調(diào)查：皆伐、斑伐、防護(hù)林預(yù)備采伐和完整森林。在每個(gè)處理區(qū)內(nèi)的兩個(gè)點(diǎn)和處理區(qū)周圍森林覆蓋的三個(gè)點(diǎn)部署了探測(cè)器，并連續(xù)記錄了三個(gè)晚上。我們使用估計(jì)開放種群豐度和檢測(cè)概率的N-混合模型來檢查蝙蝠活動(dòng)，并使用Akaike的信息標(biāo)準(zhǔn)來選擇最佳模型。根據(jù)對(duì)聲音叫聲的識(shí)別，東部紅蝙蝠和白蝙蝠在收獲處理中比對(duì)照處理更活躍。棕色、東紅色和三色蝙蝠在收獲邊緣最為活躍。北部長(zhǎng)耳蝙蝠和印第安那州/小棕蝙蝠在收獲邊緣和鄰近森林最為活躍，而灰蝙蝠在收獲中心最為活躍。這些管理森林中蝙蝠活動(dòng)的差異表明，蝙蝠群落受益于采用一系列造林方法、提供邊緣棲息地和維護(hù)鄰近林分的管理。我們的研究結(jié)果可用于預(yù)測(cè)森林管理實(shí)踐對(duì)特定物種蝙蝠活動(dòng)的影響，以最大限度地利用森林中的蝙蝠。
關(guān)鍵詞：SM2BAT+ 蝙蝠聲學(xué)記錄儀，Wildlife Acoustics，野生動(dòng)物聲學(xué)記錄，野生動(dòng)物監(jiān)測(cè)
