SM4：聲學(xué)區(qū)域工作流程，用于有效比較不同入侵哺乳動(dòng)物管理制度下的聲域
Abstract
One quarter of all terrestrial native bird species have become extinct since human arrival in New Zealand, leading to a pervasive silence in many natural environments due to the decrease in native bird song. Passive acoustic techniques are a potential tool for environmental monitoring, especially for testing whether the control of mammals can reverse the ‘silent forest’ effect. Here we compare soundscapes from two nearby sites within the Waitakere Ranges Regional Park, New Zealand, that have contrasting predator control levels: one with high-level pest mammal control, and the other with low-level pest control. Measurements of twelve acoustic indices extracted from two seasons of passive acoustic recordings are split into 20 acoustic regions to identify which regions best discriminate between the two management regimes. We define the acoustic regions as units of analysis bounded by a specific time period and frequency range chosen to capture the main groups of biologically relevant acoustic events within a soundscape. Analysis of variance and pairwise comparisons indicated the acoustic region bounded from 9 pm to 11:59 pm and a range of 0.988–3.609 kHz in autumn presented the greatest differences between sites. The sounds responsible for these acoustic differences were generated by invasive mammals in the site with no pest control. Results also supports spring season as the most important for bird monitoring in New Zealand. Acoustic indices analysis did not detect a reversal of the ‘silence forest’ effect in the site with high-level predator control.
摘要：
自人類抵達(dá)新西蘭以來，四分之一的陸地本土鳥類已經(jīng)滅絕，由于本土鳥類歌聲的減少，許多自然環(huán)境中普遍沉默。被動(dòng)聲學(xué)技術(shù)是一種潛在的環(huán)境監(jiān)測(cè)工具，特別是用于測(cè)試對(duì)哺乳動(dòng)物的控制是否可以扭轉(zhuǎn)“寂靜森林”效應(yīng)。在這里，我們比較了新西蘭懷塔克雷山脈區(qū)域公園內(nèi)兩個(gè)附近地點(diǎn)的音景，這兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)的捕食者控制水平存在差異：一個(gè)是高級(jí)害蟲哺乳動(dòng)物控制，另一個(gè)是低級(jí)害蟲控制。從兩個(gè)季節(jié)的被動(dòng)聲學(xué)記錄中提取的12個(gè)聲學(xué)指標(biāo)的測(cè)量值被分為20個(gè)聲學(xué)區(qū)域，以確定哪些區(qū)域最能區(qū)分兩種管理制度。我們將聲學(xué)區(qū)域定義為以特定時(shí)間段和頻率范圍為界的分析單元，這些時(shí)間段和范圍被選擇用于捕捉聲景中主要的生物相關(guān)聲學(xué)事件。方差分析和成對(duì)比較表明，秋季從晚上9點(diǎn)到晚上11點(diǎn)59分的聲學(xué)區(qū)域和0.988-3.609 kHz的范圍在不同地點(diǎn)之間存在最大差異。造成這些聲學(xué)差異的聲音是由該地區(qū)沒有害蟲控制的入侵哺乳動(dòng)物產(chǎn)生的。研究結(jié)果還支持春季是新西蘭鳥類監(jiān)測(cè)最重要的季節(jié)。聲學(xué)指標(biāo)分析沒有檢測(cè)到在捕食者控制水平較高的地點(diǎn)“寂靜森林”效應(yīng)的逆轉(zhuǎn)。
關(guān)鍵詞：SM4 聲學(xué)記錄儀，Wildlife野外聲學(xué)監(jiān)測(cè)，鳥鳴聲監(jiān)測(cè)，野生動(dòng)物聲學(xué)記錄，Wildlife Acoustics 野生動(dòng)物聲學(xué)
