Biopsy sampling of red muscle does not affect physiological performances in rainbow trout
肌肉活檢取樣是否對虹鱒魚的生理表現產生影響
Abstract
Muscular biopsy is a non-lethal muscle sampling technique allowing for the fish to be returned to its natural environment or its tank after sampling. This technique offers the opportunity for the scientific community and fish farmers to carry out assays on very small muscle samples (between 1 and 40?mg) such as heavy metal, trace elements, lipid composition or muscle energetic metabolism to evaluate, for instance, the health of the fish. The aim of the present study was to determine if a red muscle biopsy affects rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) survival and their physiological performances (swimming and hypoxia resistances). Each group, fish that had a biopsy (n?=?30) or fish that did not (n?=?30), was subsequently tested for either a hypoxia resistance test (HRT) or a swimming resistance test (SRT). HRT and SRT were conducted 7- and 10-days post-surgery (dps), respectively. Biopsy had no effect on hypoxia resistance and on swimming parameters (sustained and critical swimming speeds, tail beat frequency, routine and maximal oxygen consumptions). Even if no significant effect was observed between control and biopsy groups on morphometric parameters (body weight variation and condition factors), all the trout lost weight which can be explained by a post-surgery trauma such as human manipulation stress or a local inflammation. More specifically, body weight variation was significantly more important in the 7-dps group compared to the 10-dps group which had the opportunity to eat three more days compared to the 7-dps group. Corroborated with a principal component analysis, we showed that a red muscle biopsy is a good approach as it had no effect on whole-animal performance 7- and 10-dps and it had no effect their survival.
肌肉活檢是一種非致命的肌肉取樣技術，允許在取樣后將魚放回其自然環境或魚缸。這項技術為科學界和養魚戶提供了對非常小的肌肉樣本（1 到 40 毫克之間）進行測定的機會，例如重金屬、微量元素、脂質成分或肌肉能量代謝，以評估魚的健康狀況。本研究的目的是確定紅肌活檢是否會影響虹鱒魚 （Oncorhynchus mykiss） 的存活率及其生理表現（游泳和耐缺氧性）。每組，進行活檢的魚 （n = 30） 或未進行活檢的魚 （n = 30），隨后進行缺氧抵抗試驗 （HRT） 或游泳抵抗試驗 （SRT） 的測試。HRT 和 SRT 分別在術后 7 天和 10 天 （dps） 進行。活檢對耐缺氧性和游泳參數（持續和臨界游泳速度、尾拍頻率、常規和最大耗氧量）沒有影響。即使對照組和活檢組之間沒有觀察到對形態測量參數（體重變化和條件因素）的顯著影響，所有鱒魚的體重都減輕了，這可以用術后創傷來解釋，例如人體作壓力或局部炎癥。更具體地說，與 7-dps 組相比，10-dps 組的體重變化明顯更重要，與 7-dps 組相比，10-dps 組有機會多吃三天。在主成分分析的證實下，我們表明紅肌活檢是一種很好的方法，因為它對全動物的 7 和 10 dps 表現沒有影響，也沒有影響它們的生存。
Keywords
Muscle biopsy：Rainbow trout：Hypoxia resistance：Swimming performance：Morphological aftercare
關鍵字
肌肉活檢：虹鱒魚：抗缺氧性：游泳表現：形態學：術后護理
Throughout the SRT, the trout oxygen consumption (?O2) was measured with an oxygen meter (Witrox 1, Loligo?Systems) in order to determine routine and maximal ?O2. Every step, water was reoxygenated for 1?min. Routine ?O2 (?O2 rout), allowing to obtain the routine metabolic rate (RMR), was determined by selecting a data range of 20?min during acclimatation stage in the swimming tunnel. Maximal ?O2 (?O2 max), allowing to obtain maximal metabolic rate (MMR), corresponds to the peak of trout oxygen consumption during SRT.
